Fieldnotes.
SUBJECT / OS

Operating Systems

Processes, memory, files, and concurrency.

148 topics / 0 articles ready / 2 course paths

Operating Systems

126 headings
Module-1 (Operating System Basics and OS Introduction)5 topics
  • Why Do We Need an Operating System?Planned
  • Operating System as a ManagerPlanned
  • What Happens When We Open an App?Planned
  • How Many Apps Run at the Same Time?Planned
  • OS and ProtectionPlanned
Module-2 (Process Management in Operating System)4 topics
  • Process BasicsPlanned
  • Program vs. Process vs. ThreadPlanned
  • Process States and Process Control BlockPlanned
  • Process Creation and TerminationPlanned
Module-3 (CPU Scheduling Algorithms in Operating System))11 topics
  • Scheduling Queues and SchedulersPlanned
  • Context Switching in OSPlanned
  • CPU Scheduling BasicsPlanned
  • First Come First Serve (FCFS) SchedulingPlanned
  • Shortest Job First (SJF) SchedulingPlanned
  • Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF) SchedulingPlanned
  • Highest Response Ratio Next (HRRN) SchedulingPlanned
  • Round Robin (RR) SchedulingPlanned
  • Priority SchedulingPlanned
  • Multilevel Queue (MLQ) SchedulingPlanned
  • Multilevel Feedback Queue (MLFQ) SchedulingPlanned
Module-4 (Kernel, OS Structures, and Advanced Scheduling)7 topics
  • Kernel in OSPlanned
  • Types of Operating SystemsPlanned
  • Types of Kernel StructuresPlanned
  • Why OS Schedulers Can't Implement Textbook Scheduling AlgorithmsPlanned
  • Multicore SchedulingPlanned
  • Load Balancing in OSPlanned
  • CPU Affinity, Cache Locality, and NUMAPlanned
Module-5 (Threads and Multithreading in Operating System)10 topics
  • Threads in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Threads vs ProcessesPlanned
  • What Memory Is Shared Between Threads?Planned
  • User-Level Threads vs Kernel-Level ThreadsPlanned
  • Multithreading Models in OSPlanned
  • POSIX ThreadsPlanned
  • Thread PoolsPlanned
  • Concurrency vs ParallelismPlanned
  • Multiprogramming vs Multitasking vs Multiprocessing vs MultithreadingPlanned
  • Thread Safety, Reentrancy, and Race ConditionPlanned
Module-6 (Process Synchronization and Concurrency Control)17 topics
  • Race Conditions in Operating SystemsPlanned
  • Critical Section Problem and Mutual ExclusionPlanned
  • Dekker’s AlgorithmPlanned
  • Peterson’s AlgorithmPlanned
  • Bakery AlgorithmPlanned
  • Hardware Synchronization PrinciplesPlanned
  • Test-and-SetPlanned
  • Compare-and-SwapPlanned
  • Locks, Mutexes, and Types of LocksPlanned
  • SemaphoresPlanned
  • Mutex vs SemaphoresPlanned
  • Producer-Consumer ProblemPlanned
  • Condition Variables in OSPlanned
  • Monitoring in OSPlanned
  • Readers-Writers ProblemPlanned
  • Sleeping Barber ProblemPlanned
  • Dining Philosophers ProblemPlanned
Module-7 (Deadlock, Starvation, and Concurrency Bugs)12 topics
  • Deadlock in Operating SystemsPlanned
  • Conditions for DeadlockPlanned
  • Resource Allocation GraphPlanned
  • Wait-for Graph, Safe State, and Unsafe StatePlanned
  • Deadlock PreventionPlanned
  • Deadlock AvoidancePlanned
  • Banker’s AlgorithmPlanned
  • Deadlock DetectionPlanned
  • Deadlock RecoveryPlanned
  • Starvation vs Deadlock vs LivelockPlanned
  • Priority InversionPlanned
  • Debugging Concurrency BugsPlanned
Module-8 (System Calls and Inter-Process Communication)15 topics
  • System Calls in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Types of System CallsPlanned
  • Traps, Interrupts, and ExceptionsPlanned
  • fork, exec, wait, and exitPlanned
  • Program Loading, Linking, and Dynamic LibrariesPlanned
  • Zombie and Orphan ProcessesPlanned
  • Daemon ProcessesPlanned
  • Inter-Process Communication (IPC)Planned
  • Pipes and Named PipesPlanned
  • Message QueuesPlanned
  • Shared MemoryPlanned
  • Memory-Mapped Files and mmapPlanned
  • Signals in Operating SystemsPlanned
  • Sockets in Operating SystemsPlanned
  • IPC Decision GuidePlanned
Module-9 (Memory Management in Operating System)10 topics
  • Address Space in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Stack, Heap, Code, and Data SegmentsPlanned
  • Memory Allocation APIs: malloc, free, brk, and mmapPlanned
  • Logical Address vs. Physical Address and MMUPlanned
  • Swapping in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Contiguous Memory AllocationPlanned
  • Fixed vs. Variable PartitioningPlanned
  • First Fit, Best Fit, Worst Fit, and Next FitPlanned
  • Internal vs. External FragmentationPlanned
  • Compaction and Buddy SystemPlanned
Module-10 (Paging and Virtual Memory in Operating System)12 topics
  • Paging in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Paging vs SegmentationPlanned
  • Pages, Frames, Page Tables, and PTEsPlanned
  • PTE NumericalPlanned
  • Multilevel PagingPlanned
  • Inverted Page TablePlanned
  • TLB in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Effective Access Time with TLBPlanned
  • Virtual Memory in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Demand PagingPlanned
  • Page Fault in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Copy-on-Write and Lazy AllocationPlanned
Module-11 (Page Replacement Algorithms and Thrashing)9 topics
  • Page Replacement AlgorithmsPlanned
  • FIFO Page ReplacementPlanned
  • Optimal Page ReplacementPlanned
  • LRU Page ReplacementPlanned
  • LFU and MFU Page ReplacementPlanned
  • Second-Chance and Clock Page ReplacementPlanned
  • Belady's AnomalyPlanned
  • Thrashing and Working Set ModelPlanned
  • Frame Allocation StrategiesPlanned
Module-12 (File System in Operating System)14 topics
  • File System in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Files, Directories, and PathsPlanned
  • File Descriptor in Operating SystemPlanned
  • File Access MethodsPlanned
  • Inode, FCB, and File MetadataPlanned
  • File Permissions and ACLsPlanned
  • Directory Structure in Operating SystemPlanned
  • File Allocation MethodsPlanned
  • Contiguous, Linked, and Indexed File AllocationPlanned
  • Free Space ManagementPlanned
  • Caching and Buffering in File SystemsPlanned
  • Journaling and Crash ConsistencyPlanned
  • Backup, Recovery, and Network File SystemsPlanned

Operating Systems - Interview Prep

130 headings
Module-1 (Operating System Basics and OS Introduction)4 topics
  • Why Do We Need an Operating System?Planned
  • Operating System as a ManagerPlanned
  • What Happens When We Open an App?Planned
  • OS and ProtectionPlanned
Module-2 (Process Management in Operating System)4 topics
  • Process BasicsPlanned
  • Program vs. Process vs. ThreadPlanned
  • Process States and Process Control BlockPlanned
  • Process Creation and TerminationPlanned
Module-3 (CPU Scheduling Algorithms in Operating System))10 topics
  • Scheduling Queues and SchedulersPlanned
  • Context Switching in OSPlanned
  • CPU Scheduling BasicsPlanned
  • First Come First Serve (FCFS) SchedulingPlanned
  • Shortest Job First (SJF) SchedulingPlanned
  • Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF) SchedulingPlanned
  • Round Robin (RR) SchedulingPlanned
  • Priority SchedulingPlanned
  • Multilevel Queue (MLQ) SchedulingPlanned
  • Multilevel Feedback Queue (MLFQ) SchedulingPlanned
Module-4 (Kernel, OS Structures, and Advanced Scheduling)5 topics
  • Kernel in OSPlanned
  • Why OS Schedulers Can't Implement Textbook Scheduling AlgorithmsPlanned
  • Multicore SchedulingPlanned
  • Load Balancing in OSPlanned
  • CPU Affinity, Cache Locality, and NUMAPlanned
Module-5 (Threads and Multithreading in Operating System)8 topics
  • Threads in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Threads vs ProcessesPlanned
  • What Memory Is Shared Between Threads?Planned
  • User-Level Threads vs Kernel-Level ThreadsPlanned
  • Thread PoolsPlanned
  • Concurrency vs ParallelismPlanned
  • Multiprogramming vs Multitasking vs Multiprocessing vs MultithreadingPlanned
  • Thread Safety, Reentrancy, and Race ConditionPlanned
Module-6 (Process Synchronization and Concurrency Control)16 topics
  • Race Conditions in Operating SystemsPlanned
  • Critical Section Problem and Mutual ExclusionPlanned
  • Dekker’s AlgorithmPlanned
  • Peterson’s AlgorithmPlanned
  • Bakery AlgorithmPlanned
  • Test-and-SetPlanned
  • Compare-and-SwapPlanned
  • Locks, Mutexes, and Types of LocksPlanned
  • SemaphoresPlanned
  • Mutex vs SemaphoresPlanned
  • Producer-Consumer ProblemPlanned
  • Condition Variables in OSPlanned
  • Monitoring in OSPlanned
  • Readers-Writers ProblemPlanned
  • Sleeping Barber ProblemPlanned
  • Dining Philosophers ProblemPlanned
Module-7 (Deadlock, Starvation, and Concurrency Bugs)12 topics
  • Deadlock in Operating SystemsPlanned
  • Conditions for DeadlockPlanned
  • Resource Allocation GraphPlanned
  • Wait-for Graph, Safe State, and Unsafe StatePlanned
  • Deadlock PreventionPlanned
  • Deadlock AvoidancePlanned
  • Banker’s AlgorithmPlanned
  • Deadlock DetectionPlanned
  • Deadlock RecoveryPlanned
  • Starvation vs Deadlock vs LivelockPlanned
  • Priority InversionPlanned
  • Debugging Concurrency BugsPlanned
Module-8 (System Calls and Inter-Process Communication)14 topics
  • System Calls in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Types of System CallsPlanned
  • Traps, Interrupts, and ExceptionsPlanned
  • fork, exec, wait, and exitPlanned
  • Zombie and Orphan ProcessesPlanned
  • Daemon ProcessesPlanned
  • Inter-Process Communication (IPC)Planned
  • Pipes and Named PipesPlanned
  • Message QueuesPlanned
  • Shared MemoryPlanned
  • Memory-Mapped Files and mmapPlanned
  • Signals in Operating SystemsPlanned
  • Sockets in Operating SystemsPlanned
  • IPC Decision GuidePlanned
Module-9 (Memory Management in Operating System)8 topics
  • Address Space in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Stack, Heap, Code, and Data SegmentsPlanned
  • Memory Allocation APIs: malloc, free, brk, and mmapPlanned
  • Logical Address vs. Physical Address and MMUPlanned
  • Swapping in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Contiguous Memory AllocationPlanned
  • Internal vs. External FragmentationPlanned
  • Compaction and Buddy SystemPlanned
Module-10 (Paging and Virtual Memory in Operating System)10 topics
  • Paging in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Paging vs SegmentationPlanned
  • Pages, Frames, Page Tables, and PTEsPlanned
  • Multilevel PagingPlanned
  • TLB in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Effective Access Time with TLBPlanned
  • Virtual Memory in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Demand PagingPlanned
  • Page Fault in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Copy-on-Write and Lazy AllocationPlanned
Module-11 (Page Replacement Algorithms and Thrashing)8 topics
  • Page Replacement AlgorithmsPlanned
  • FIFO Page ReplacementPlanned
  • Optimal Page ReplacementPlanned
  • LRU Page ReplacementPlanned
  • LFU and MFU Page ReplacementPlanned
  • Second-Chance and Clock Page ReplacementPlanned
  • Belady's AnomalyPlanned
  • Thrashing and Working Set ModelPlanned
Module-12 (File System in Operating System)9 topics
  • File System in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Files, Directories, and PathsPlanned
  • File Descriptor in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Inode, FCB, and File MetadataPlanned
  • Hard Link vs Soft LinkPlanned
  • File Permissions and ACLsPlanned
  • File Allocation MethodsPlanned
  • Caching and Buffering in File SystemsPlanned
  • Journaling and Crash ConsistencyPlanned
Module-13 (Storage Management, Disk Scheduling, and I/O Systems)11 topics
  • HDD vs SSDPlanned
  • Disk Structure: Tracks, Sectors, Cylinders, Blocks, and PagesPlanned
  • Disk Access TimePlanned
  • Disk Scheduling AlgorithmsPlanned
  • RAID in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Device Drivers in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Interrupts in Operating SystemPlanned
  • DMA in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Polling vs Interrupts and Blocking vs Non-Blocking I/OPlanned
  • Event-Based I/O and Network I/O PathPlanned
  • Booting, BIOS vs UEFI, and BootloaderPlanned
Module-14 (OS Security, Virtualization, Containers, and Interview Revision)11 topics
  • Users, Groups, Authentication, and AuthorizationPlanned
  • Access Control Models: ACLs, Access Matrix, and CapabilitiesPlanned
  • Privilege Separation, Sandboxing, and File System EncryptionPlanned
  • Common OS Security RisksPlanned
  • Virtual Machines and HypervisorsPlanned
  • Containers in Operating SystemPlanned
  • Containers vs Virtual MachinesPlanned
  • Namespaces and cgroupsPlanned
  • OS Observability and Performance DebuggingPlanned
  • OS Concepts in Backend Systems and DatabasesPlanned
  • Must-Know OS Interview and Exam ChecklistPlanned